Questions about example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "Strip"

Synonyms of "Strip" and their differences

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Q: Czy to brzmi naturalnie? Those American comic strips had a great influence on artists even in Japan, which from the mid-19th century, after establishing diplomatic relations with the Western powers (because of its fear about their military power), entered the era of modernization on its own, known as the Meiji Restoration. One of the civilizations that Japan adopted from the West was the newspaper and magazine. Caricatures had existed in Japan since ancient times, but it was around this time that they rose to the level of political assertion, following the example of the Western news media. Not many Japanese artists were familiar with English or other Western languages, but they could learn visual expression with their eyes, and soon the caricature expression "manga," inspired by American comic strips, became popular in Japan.

In 1917, a group of manga artists began to create their own animation, inspired by American animation films, and many of them were accepted by Japanese people as commercial films.

On the other hand, what about the situation of comic strips in the United States? As beforementioned, in the 1900s, the legal theory of the "pictorial fictional character" took shape in a series of court cases at the New York Supreme Court. The legal theory that even fictional characters who existed only in pictures should be legally treated the same as real celebrities must have been extremely avant-garde for people back then. Metaphorically speaking, the pictorial fictional character was a core patent. Just as there could exist no video game console without a controller, and no computer or smartphone without a mouse or touch panel, so there could be no comic strip without pictorial fictional characters. This idea was established in the US in the 1900s as a legal theory and as common sense for the masses. It was customary for the artist to sign a contract with the news agency at the start of the series, stating that the pictorial fictional characters in the comic strip shall belong to the news agency.

However, it is interesting to note that neither the artist nor the news agency considered pictorial fictional characters to be what we today call "intellectual property" at that time. For example, if an artist made royalties by selling products featuring the main characters of his comic strips (or if a vendor wanted to sell such products and approved him), the news agency did not condemn it at all. For the news agencies, the raison d'etre of comic strips was to motivate the public to buy the newspapers they distributed around the country. In short, profits the character made from other business was none of their business.

Incidentally, character merchandising as we know it today was established in a much later period. The details will be discussed in later pages, and for now, allow me move on to the topic of animation.

There was another interesting fact that shows that news agencies did not consider pictorial fictional characters to be intellectual property as we know it today. The news agencies financed the production of animations using their own pictorial fictional characters. They set up a production studio, hired artists, appointed the author of the comic strip as president of the studios, and had him make an animated film (needless to say, a short film of a few minutes) to be shown in theaters as a prelude to the main feature. The box office profits went to the creator of the film. For the news agencies, the more the public saw their characters in theaters, the more the public liked the characters, the more their newspapers, in which the comic strips were serialized, sold more copies, and the more money they made. The box office profits at the movie theaters were of no concern to them.
A: × Those American comic strips had a great influence on artists even in Japan, which from the mid-19th century, after establishing diplomatic relations with the Western powers (because of its fear about their military power), entered the era of modernization on its own, known as the Meiji Restoration.
✓ Those American comic strips even had a great influence on artists in Japan, which from the mid-19th century, after establishing diplomatic relations with the Western powers (because of its fear about their military power), entered the era of modernization on its own, known as the Meiji Restoration.

× One of the civilizations that Japan adopted from the West was the newspaper and magazine.
✓ One of the traditions that Japan adopted from the West was the newspaper and magazine.

× As beforementioned, in the 1900s, the legal theory of the "pictorial fictional character" took shape in a series of court cases at the New York Supreme Court.
✓ As previously mentioned, in the 1900s, the legal theory of the "pictorial fictional character" took shape in a series of court cases at the New York Supreme Court.

× For example, if an artist made royalties by selling products featuring the main characters of his comic strips (or if a vendor wanted to sell such products and approved him), the news agency did not condemn it at all.
✓ For example, if an artist made royalties by selling products featuring the main characters of his comic strips (or if a vendor wanted to sell such products and approved him), the news agency did not condemn them at all.

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