Generally speaking, how do the Czechs see themselves as a nation in terms of religiousness?

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That's quite hard topic to explain properly, because it has a lot of layers and aspects.

During the reformation period, the majority of Czechs became protestants. After defeating Czech protestant nobles in battle of Bila Hora (1620), Habsburg emperor decided to make Czech people Catholic again, so they don't rebel again. The push was pretty strong and he (and his successors) really achieved this goal but it was something forced upon them, so they hadn't like it as much as if they had chosen it themselves.

Catholic religion was therefore seen as a mere tool of Austrian emperor. When Czechs started their national movements (first half of 19th century), they felt that they need to get rid of it in order to get rid of the Emperor and German(ic) influence. After Czechoslovakian independence (1918) the church lost a lot of its power and the political elite was quite anti-religious.

Then during the communist regime (1948-1989) any religion was seen by the communist party as dangerous. In the fifties they arrested and executed many leading religious figures and many other were arrested or exiled. If you went to the church, you may have lost your job, your kids may have troubles getting to a high school or at least a secret police may ask you some conspicuous questions. Many people therefore stopped going to church whatsoever just not to have troubles.

After the fall of communist regime (1989) many people never returned to any church, they didn't go there for 40 years, so why to start? There were (and sadly still is) also some scandals with sexual harassment and corruption in the Catholic church which worsened the image of religion and made some people leave.

You can see that the process was pretty long, each generation was slightly less religious than the previous one. There may be some conflicts in some families where grandparents are not happy that their grandchildren don't go to church, but it was never a big issue.

In other countries such as Poland, religion is seen as something intertwined with national identity. You must be a Catholic to be a good Pole. You must be orthodox Christian to be a good Serb (mix of nationality and religion in southern Slavic countries - Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia is a topic for another day, albeit very interesting)