Jaka jest różnica między dude i man i bro i guy ?Możesz podać przykładowe zdania.

They mean roughly the same thing. But they are used differently in daily conversation, not very different but still different.

Dude is used as a greeting/sentence starter when talking to a friend to say.
"Dude, I got her number!"
"Dude, the ice cream shop is open tonight."

Man is used typically when the person saying it has just put in effort in something or gone through something that uses a lot of effort and willpower.
"Man that test was hard!"
"Man that bee sting was really painful!"

Bro is mostly the same as Dude, but bro can be used to signify a close connection more than Dude. Like for example you'd say Dude to your friends, you'd say bro to your CLOSE friends.
"Bro I've been going through some hard stuff recently and I want to talk to you."
"Bro, we bros right? You got my back right?"

Guy is just used instead of "person" in informal situations. "My guy" signifies closeness as well, don't use with strangers.
"My guy! Nice to meet you!" = "My person! Nice to meet you" (You don't say my person, but my guy is fine)
"This guy is annoying" = "This person is annoying"
"That guy looking good!" = "That person looking good!"